Medical Negligence in India: Evolving Jurisprudence and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita is a comprehensive proposed academic volume examining the changing legal landscape surrounding medical negligence and healthcare liability in India. The book seeks to bring together contemporary perspectives on the civil, consumer, criminal, procedural, evidentiary and technological dimensions of medical negligence, with particular emphasis on India's new criminal-law framework.
The book begins with the anatomical framework of medical duty, examining the evolution of medical jurisprudence in India from traditional tort principles to consumer protection. It explores the standard of care through the Bolam and Bolitho principles, informed consent and bodily autonomy, institutional and vicarious liability of hospitals and healthcare administrators, and the compensation framework under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
The second part focuses on the criminal paradigm of medical negligence following the transition from the Indian Penal Code to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS). It examines the transition from Section 304A IPC to Section 106(1) BNS, the special treatment of medical practitioners under the BNS, mens rea and gross negligence, the continuing relevance of the Jacob Mathew standard, and the distinction between medical negligence and culpable homicide. It also considers criminal defences such as good faith, necessity and accident in medical practice.
The third part addresses procedural rigor, investigation and evidence. It considers the investigation of medical malpractice, FIR and arrest guidelines under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), the role of prosecutors and medical boards, the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, expert witnesses and medical evidence under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). It also examines electronic medical records and digital evidence within the emerging statutory framework.
The final part turns toward specialized and emerging areas of medical negligence — negligence in surgery, obstetrics and anaesthesia; statutory intersections involving the MTP, PCPNDT and Clinical Establishments Acts; liability in clinical trials and experimental therapies; and the growing legal challenges associated with telemedicine. Significantly, the book concludes its proposed framework by examining artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics and the question of liability when an algorithm fails.
The proposed volume aims to provide a multidisciplinary platform for examining how Indian law is responding to changing healthcare practices, evolving standards of professional responsibility and technological developments. It is particularly relevant to law students, researchers, PhD scholars, academicians, legal practitioners, healthcare professionals and interdisciplinary researchers interested in medical law, healthcare regulation, criminal law, consumer protection and emerging legal technologies.
Who Can Contribute?
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Students (PG / LL.M / PhD)
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Academicians & Professors
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Healthcare Professionals
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Interdisciplinary Researchers